Baking preparation.



UNITE siratrns PATENT QFFICE,

WALTER B. B ROWN, OF CHICAGO, AND ROBERT A. HOLBROOK. OF CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINGIS, ASSIGNORS T0 VIC/T03 CHEMICAL FORKS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A

CORIGRATION OF ILLINOES,

BAKING PREPARATION.

No Drawing.

Specification of Letters Fatent; l fafggni'gfl A 2.5 lg} 1 Application filed February 15, 1910. Serial No. 543,976. I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, llhuxrnn B. Buowx, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, and ROBERT A. lionnnoou, residing at Chicago l-leights, in the baking preparation; and h as for its essential object to produce, at a low cost, a baking preparation of quality superior to simllar products now made.

Ordinary acid-ortho-phosphate of calcium, while a commercial success as the acid ingredient of halting preparations for household consumption, is not entirely suitable for all baking purposes, and especially it is not satisfactory for use in bakeries, where large quantities of wet mixed dough are often allowed to stand for conside able time before being halted. This is because the chemical activity of such acid-ortho-phosphoto of calcium seems to he too rapid, the leavening properties of the baking preparation to a certain extent being; dissipated before heat is applied to the dough. The

acid salt, however, which we employ in our invention is slower in its chemical action on the carbonate or bicarbonate of an alkali with which it is mixed, and closely approximates the action of cream of tartar in this respect.

\Ve do not limit our invention to any particular form of product, since it may be used as-a baking powder, or in the form of a socalled self-rising flour, or in the form of a dough ready forloaking and containing the elements of our new lea vening agent, or in any other well known manner.

In the practice of our invention, it has been found that acidpyro-phosphate of calcium, or the product obtained by roasting acid-orthc-phosphato of calcium in a prescribed manner. is of particular value as the acid element of a leaveniug agent for halo ing purposes. By subjecting the acid-orthophosphate of calcium to aqproger degree of heat to remove part ofthe chemical Water, as shown by this formula, we produce an acid salt oi great 5 value in halting preparations. The most. suitable form of this :rid salt corresponds to the formula Uuli l tl being produced by the reaction,

can, P0, grown ,o: oan rg This salt, when treated in the usual man nor with bicarbonate of soda oonoucts itself substantially as shown by the equation:

Careful bul ing tests have shown that hale iug preparations in which this acid-pyrophosphate of calcium was the principal ingredient will yield halting results at least equal to those obtained by using the ordi' nary and well known halting preparations.

Pym-phosphate of calcium is non-hygrd seopic, and halting preparatirms of which it is the principal ingredient are found to keep well under all ordinary conditions The above preparation, namely, Ca lLl O is obtained by removing a portion of the chemical water from the acid-orthophosphate of calcium, namely, 2 molecules of H 6 from one molecule of ortlio-i'nonocaloic phosphate; but we do not limit ourselves to preparations in which the precise amount of chemical water above indicated is withdrawn. \Ye include within. the scope of our invention preparations in which more chemical water is included than that shown by the formula. CaILP tI, hut substantially less than that in aeidauthophosphate of calcium.

It is found that the amount of chemical water which will he removed in preparations subjected to treatment at tempo 'aturcs approximately within the 'ange from 300 F. to 325 ll. produces ordinarily one having the host qualities for use in baking preparations; but we do not limit ourselves to this range, since much higher temperatures than indicated. and thereby less cnemical ater than indi ated, have been successfully used. However, if the acid-ortllo-phosplmtc of calcium is treated to a temperature approximately eorrespcmding to a red heat, so much chemical water is removedthat its value as a baking preparation practically destroyed.

W'c have found that the approximate line Mw i( QZ ZQ M Q 'L in which Mzl and N=1+ but it is found that the most satisfactory preparations are those produced at temperatures between 300 and 325 F. p

In the preparation of the acid salt, -we first produce the ordinary acid-ortho-calciurn-phosphate by any suitable process, such as treating phosphoric-acid With boneash. With this product we mix the .necessary amount (generally to 10%) ,of potassiumcarbonate, calcium carbonate, trihich possess the detion composed of a carbonate or bicarbonate of an alkali and an acid-phosphate of calcium, substantially non-hygroscopic and substantially corresponding to' the formula.-

moan, (P04) n w- 11 0),

substantially as described. 3. A baking powder or baking preparation composed of. a carbonate or bicarbonate of an alkali and an acid-phosphateof calan acid-phosphate of ca lsodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, or cium, substantially non-hygroscopic" and soda ash, or, in fact, any suitable material substantially corresponding to the for'mula'65 possessing baslc character. This is added M(CaI-LtPOQ H ())-N(H O), and having substantially the qualities of acid-ortho-phospllate of calcium subjected y to a temperature between 275 F. and red simply to neutralize the traces of free phosphoric acid which are formed during the roasting process hereinafter described. lV e subject this mixture to a roasting process,

eient amount to etlect removing first the water of crystallization andthen raising th applied heat a sulfidecomposition of the acid-ortlio-phosphate of calcium and the elimination of a substantial amount of its chemical water, as hereinbefore'described. lVe find that the best results are obtained within a range of temperature of from 300 to l ahrenheit, although we do not limit ourselves to these temperatures. A lower temperature effects-some change, and such treatment would, at least in part, secure the advantages of our invention. A temperature of 275 Ffhas been used with success, and a much higher temperature than 325 l may also be used with success. The practical maximum limit of temperature is reached when the acid strength of the substance produced is so greatly weakened as not to be a practical substance for baking purposes. I

Without specifically limiting ourselves to the aforesaid invention, we clann:

.t. A baking powder or baking preparaheat, su'bstantiall as described.

-.t. A baking powder or baking preparation composed of a carbonate or bicarbonate an alkali and an aaid-phosphate of al cnnn, substantiallycorresponding to the formula and havingsubstantially the qualities of to a' temperature between 275 F. and 375 1 substantially as described. r

5. i-Lbaking powder or baking preparation including an acid ele1nent,'said acid ele-" .ment comprising acid-ortho-phosphate of 85 calcium subjected to a proper degree'of heat to remore a substantial amount ofchcmical water therefrom, substantially as described, lVALTER. ll. BR-OlVN. ROBERT A. HOLBROOK; \Vitncsscs:

Jonx LERERENZ, R. M. S'rrrr, lVAmu-n: BANNJNG.

substantially non-hygroscopic and 

